Glossary
The EMN Glossary – as one of the key products of the EMN - improves comparability by enabling a common understanding and use of terms and definitions relating to asylum and migration. The Glossary draws on a variety of sources, but primarily on the legislation of the EU asylum and immigration acquis, and makes terms available in the majority of EU Member State languages.
The online version is regularly updated and available in various languages.
- BG: достъп до здравни гриижи
- CZ: přístup ke zdravotní péči
- DE: Zugang zu medizinischer Versorgung
- EE: ligipääs tervishoiule
- EN: access to healthcare
- ES: acceso a la asistencia sanitaria
- FI: oikeus terveydenhuoltoon
- FR: accès aux soins de santé
- GA: Rochtain ar Chúram Sláinte
- GR: πρόσβαση στην υγειονομική περίθαλψη
- HU: a migránsok társadalombiztosítási és egészségügyi ellátásokhoz való hozzáférése
- IT: accesso all’assistenza sanitaria
- LT: sveikatos priežiūros prieinamumas
- LV: piekļuve veselības aprūpei
- MT: Aċċess għas-servizzi tas-saħħa/ għall-kura sanitarja
- NL: toegang tot gezondheidszorg
- NO: tilgang til helsetjenester (b) / tilgang til helsetenester (n)
- PL: dostęp do opieki zdrowotnej
- RO: acces la ingrijirea sanatatii / acces la sistemul medical
- SE: tillgång till hälso- och sjukvård
- SK: prístup k zdravotnej starostlivosti
- SL: dostop do zdravstvenega varstva
Healthcare entitlements enjoyed by third-country nationals (migrants, applicants for international protection and refugees) in EU Member States and in their countries of origin.
2. According to Council Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Directive), long-term residents enjoy the same access to healthcare as nationals as defined by national law.
3. Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) grants access to adequate healthcare, including treatment of mental disorders when needed, to beneficiaries of international protection under the same eligibility conditions as nationals of the EU Member State that has granted such protection.
4.Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive) establishes minimum standards for access to healthcare for applicants of international protection during the asylum procedure. It requires EU Member States to ensure that asylum seekers at least receive emergency care and essential treatment for illnesses and serious mental disorders. However, the entitlement of asylum seekers to healthcare services depends on national legislation and varies among Member States. See for example, the EMN: Ad-Hoc Query on System of medical treatment of asylum seekers in Member States.
5. Access to healthcare can be a key factor in the process of decision-making on applications for international protection. Subsidiary protection may apply if the asylum-seeker contends that a return to the country of origin is impossible for health reasons, as the return of a sick person which is often connected with the medical standards in the country of return could constitute a breach of Art. 3 ECHR. Thus case workers have to take into account whether medical treatment is available in the country of origin and whether the available medical treatment would also be (e.g. financially) accessible to the concerned person upon return. For further information see the description of the MedCOI project in the List of projects funded by the European Refugee Fund in 2011.
- BG: минимални стандарти
- CZ: minimální normy
- DE: Minimumstandards
- EE: miinimumnõuded
- EN: minimum standards
- ES: normas mínimas
- FI: vähimmäisvaatimukset
- FR: normes minimales
- GA: íoschaighdeáin
- HU: minimumszabályok
- IT: norme minime
- LT: būtiniausi reikalavimai
- LV: minimālie standarti
- MT: Livelli standard minimi
- NL: minimumnormen
- NO: minimumsstandard
- PL: minimalne standardy
- RO: standarde minime
- SE: miniminormer
- SK: minimálne pravidlá / minimálne štandardy
- SL: minimalni standardi
In an asylum context, a number of principles in relation to procedures for international protection , to reception conditions , and to the refugee definition established by the Treaty of Amsterdam from which EU Member States cannot derogate.
In the Tampere Agreement, and then reaffirmed by the Hague Programme, EU Member States agreed to go beyond minimum standards and develop a Common European Asylum System (CEAS) based on a common asylum procedure and a uniform status for those who are granted international protection .
- BG: Договорът от Лисабон
- CZ: Lisabonská smlouva
- DE: Vertrag von Lissabon
- EN: Lisbon Treaty
- ES: Tratado de Lisboa
- FI: Lisbonin sopimus
- FR: Traité de Lisbonne
- GA: Conradh Liospóin
- GR: Η Συνθήκη της Λισαβόνας
- HU: Lisszaboni Szerződés
- IT: Trattato di Lisbona
- LT: Lisabonos sutartis
- LV: Lisabonas līgums
- MT: Trattat (It-) ta’ Lisbona
- NL: Verdrag van Lissabon
- NO: Lisboa-traktaten
- PL: Traktat Lizboński
- SE: Lissabonfördraget
- SK: Lisabonská zmluva
- SL: Lizbonska pogodba
An international agreement - initially known as the Reform Treaty - which amends the two treaties that form the constitutional basis of the European Union and which aims to enhance the efficiency and democratic legitimacy of the European Union and to improve the coherence of its actions.
2. Prominent changes included the move from unanimity to qualified majority voting in at least 45 policy areas in the Council of Ministers, a change in calculating such a majority to a new double majority, a more powerful European Parliament forming a bicameral legislature alongside the Council of ministers under the ordinary legislative procedure, a consolidated legal personality for the EU, and the creation of a long-term President of the European Council and a High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy. The Treaty also made the Union's bill of rights, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, legally binding.
3. The Treaty of Lisbon broadened the competences of the EU in asylum issues. According to Art. 78 TFEU, a common policy on asylum is developed through the ordinary legislative procedure. There is no mentioning of minimum standards as before which sets the aim to convergence. The Article provides for the legal basis for the Common European Asylum System (CEAS). For further information, see the entry for 'Common European Asylum System (CEAS)' in this EMN Glossary.
4. For more information see the website of the Lisbon Treaty.